Failed Bailout Vote!

Failed Bailout Vote! It was never certain that the vote on the bailout would pass. With five weeks to go until election day, and with a large segment of the population mad at the idea of bailing out big business, it was a tough call for the House members. What would have happened if the bill had passed? We don't know. My guess is that, with passage, the value of mortgage loans would rise because the Federal Government would be a ready buyer. As the purchases occurred, cash would flow back into the banking system. If the bailout did not pass, I would expect to see the value of the mortgage loans drop even farther, the stock market retreat because of the unknown, and greater amounts of money flying to US Treasury bills and notes, reducing the interest paid on these instruments to an insignificant amount. For the vast majority of our clients, we have a very heavy position in cash. On September 19, 2008 the Federal Reserve guaranteed these accounts for the full amount in the accounts, both taxable and tax exempt. As I indicated in a recent newsletter, the bonds in our accounts seem good, are paying interest and are paying back the principal when the bonds mature. I believe we have taken a defensive posture that we should maintain even while it appears there are buying opportunities in this market. I am not sanguine about what is happening. I believe that what we have witnessed in the past several weeks is a lack of leadership in Congress and the business community. Usually at times like this the Executive Branch provides the needed leadership, but this administration has lost its credibility for many and must rely on others to move the process along.

That Nasty Four-Letter Word!

It's a nasty four-letter word that none of us likes to use. Matter of fact, most of us never want to think about it. But it is a word that is always there, hovering in the background, pouncing when least expected. We are tormented with its unspoken presence in the media, our daily discussions with friends and family and in the workplace. The word of course is "FEAR". The idea of fear keeps us in place, like a deer caught in the headlights of a car, unable to move. What should we do? Where should we go? Will we be okay? This past year has been a period of increasing fear for many of us. First we read about subprime mortgages and how people were losing their homes. Then we saw the price of a barrel of oil go up to more than $145. Then we had the crisis with Fanny Mae and Freddie Mac seeming to bring ordinary people's mortgages to the brink and hurting home values. If this was not enough, we heard about three major investment banks going bust, with one being sold by the Federal Reserve for pennies on the dollar, another merging with a major bank and the third going bankrupt. Along with the investment banks we discovered the largest insurance company in the US was being taken over by the government! Fear! To say that this is unprecedented is not idle chatter. It has been compared to the period of the: "Great Depression" and the period just after WWII. Its root cause: greed! Not just plain old greed but a very high level of greed practiced by top executives of very large companies. It makes me MAD that we taxpayers are going to bail out companies who had the audacity to give their executives bonuses of $80 Million or more for their "stellar performance". I have no doubt that Congress, in which both political parties allowed this to go on, will do what they need to do to bring liquidity and an attempt at stability and oversight to the business community. Eventually we will all go back to our "normal lives" and this crisis will pass and be forgotten. The problem is that the solution seems to say to those large companies that took big risks and some of those individuals who took big risks, “we will not let you suffer the consequences.” For the majority of us who have been paying our taxes, doing things "the right way" we now have the privilege to aid those who pursued their greed. I'd like to see the US Government go back to the Chief Executives of Citi Bank, Merrill Lynch, AIG and others and collect back those big outlandish bonuses and terminate those lucrative pensions and give the money back to the taxpayers! Some have FEAR on this occasion. I am just MAD! I do not think we are a greedy society but a society that has some very greedy people who are in a position to hurt our society!

Today the U.S. Government announced that the jobless rate now exceeds 6.1%. This was an unexpected jump, with most analysts believing we would not see 6% until the end of the year. What might this mean? With this jump in unemployment, the Federal Reserve, which has been worried about the economy all summer, will likely leave rates unchanged after their meeting on September 16th. Also we will likely see consumer-spending decrease substantially in the third quarter, after the rise in spending from the incentive tax rebate of the second quarter. All in all, the economy appears to be slowing down and will likely show little growth, or perhaps a downturn, for the balance of the year. Additionally, the sub-prime loan problems have driven interest rates on bonds to recent new highs. Refinancing of the majority of sub-prime mortgage loans should be complete by February and we may see the housing market begin to pick up again this spring. In my opinion, the inflationary effects of the oil price increases will also take until February or March to totally work their way through the economy. When this occurs, we are likely to see prices stabilize. Perhaps the most important issue is that by November, we should know who has been elected President. The stock market likes to know who will be serving in the White House, and this uncertainty is likely to continue to make the market volatile through Election Day.

Can it rain and be sunny at the same time?

On Monday of this week, the inflation rate for the month of July was reported to be 0.8% or an annualized rate of 9.6%. This compares with an annualized rate in June of 7.2%. This would appear to be bad news because it means the price of goods and services are going up at a much higher rate than the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) would like to see (1.5% to 2.5%). In such a situation, you would expect to see the Fed increase their key interest rate. On Tuesday, the Fed met and left the key interest rate unchanged at 2%. This also means that the prime leading rate stays at 5%. The stock markets took this as good news, with a healthy advance in prices. The bond market took it as bad news with interest rates rising (and therefore the price of bonds declining). It would seem that, with the price of oil falling for the past week and the economy not looking its best, the Fed decided to gamble that prices will stabilize as oil prices are reduced. The lower oil prices could benefit food and transportation costs. This in turn could mean that inflation will be reduced. What we are seeing, in any event, is that the current Fed is more concerned with the economy than with inflation. Ed Mallon

Fearful Headlines

I have been noticing that the headlines used by the media during the past month seem to evoke fear. An example of some of today's headlines: "Oil Prices Plunge More Than $10 a Barrel!" "Fed Chief Details Woes in Markets, Housing, Jobs" "Bush: Troubled Financial System is Basically Sound" "Wholesale Prices Soar in June; Sales are Sluggish" Fear is what many Americans are feeling right now. They wonder if the financial system will be okay and more important, if they will be okay. We are driven by our emotions and the emotions of others around us. The more negative the news, the more negative and fearful we become. We are "news junkies" who need a constant infusion of the "latest news." The problem with all of this is that it does not give us perspective or context of the events happening around us. Most media personalities have little understanding of how the events fit into a broader pattern of economic and social forces. For example: What does oil plunging by $10 a barrel really mean? It likely means that some of the speculation in oil is giving way to more realistic pricing. If this trend continues inflation will be lowered and the value of the dollar strengthened. When the Fed chief details the "woes," do people realize that what he is saying is that the growth we are having is likely to be less than anticipated and that he still expects the economy to grow during 2008? When President Bush talks about the financial system, he is really saying that the government believes that the actions that are being taken by the Fed and Treasury will alleviate the current problems. Saying wholesale prices "soar" is simply saying that the "real inflation rate" which includes fuel and food, is rising at an annualized rate of 13.2 (1.1% in June multiplied by 12 months) as opposed to the "core inflation rate," which does not include the volatile fuel and food sectors, which is rising by an annualized rate of 2.4% (0.2% in June). Real people eat food and use energy! Until June when the Fed finally started to mention the real inflation rate, they had been consistently looking at the core rate of inflation and indicating that inflation was not a big problem. They now "get it" and will do what they need to do to contain real inflation. The inflation rate has meant a higher amount of income is going to essential expenses (food, fuel), leaving much less for other spending. I still believe we are going though a recession that is similar to the one we had in 1990, along with a bear market in stocks. The confluence of a bear market in stocks, a bear market in housing, and rising oil and food prices is unsettling. In the bigger picture, these events are setting the stage for the next new direction of the market. I am already seeing articles about new developments in "Green Technology." Keep oil up in price and, in the long term, the US will respond to become more self-reliant, stronger financially and better disciplined.

FED changes

Yesterday, June 25th the Federal Reserve Board (FED) made a change. The change was that there was no change. They kept a key Federal Funds lending rate (the interest rate) at 2.00%! This was an expected decision by the investment markets around the world. It did confirm however that the FED is concerned with “REAL” inflation and is not talking about the “Core Inflation Rate” as they did at prior sessions. Since the Clinton administration decided to mess around with how the inflation rate is calculated (as well as the calculation of unemployment) reality has taken a holiday! When you hear about the inflation rate you are usually hearing about the “Core Inflation Rate.” What is the “Core Inflation Rate?” Let me put it this way: someone asks me what I had for dinner last night and I tell them “A plate, a knife, fork, spoon and napkin.” No food? Food doesn’t count in the “Core Inflation Rate”. How did you get to work today? By car. How did the car move you from home to work? On wheels. Energy doesn’t count in the “Core Inflation Rate.” How are cost of living adjustments that are made by the US Government on things such as Social Security determined? Of course, using the “Core Inflation Rate.” Food and energy costs have gone up substantially in the past six months. In addition, the increased cost of food and energy are rippling through other products we buy and services we use, such as plastic products and restaurant price increases. The FED is in a dilemma! On one hand the economy appears to be in a recession while on the other hand inflation is a problem. To curb inflation you raise the interest rate. To help the economy you lower the interest rate. The current answer by the FED was to do nothing! In March of this year we moved some investment money into investment grade bonds and into high yield bonds. At the time we had seen the investment grade bond interest rates go from about 4.75% in October to 6% at the beginning of March. A bigger change had occurred with the high yield interest rates going from about 7.25% to 12%. Since that time the investment grade rates and high yield rates had been going down to 5.8% and 10.5% respectively. I told some of you that I was very cautious about how much money we should place into these investments because I was worried about inflation. I am very glad I was cautious. As of today the investment grade interest rate is over 6.20% and the high yield rate is now up over 11.40%. High interest rates are not good for business and therefore not good for stocks. Based on the above I believe that stocks will go down more and longer term interest rates will continue upward until the FED begins to raise their Federal Fund interest rate and show that they are serious about fighting inflation. At some point, when the interest rates get high enough, longer term interest rates will be a real buy!

What a Week

What a Week! This past week saw the Dow go down 3.39%, the S&P down 2.83%. This was in part a response to economic events that were reported during and at the end of the week. On Tuesday, Standard & Poor’s/Case –Schiller’s national home price index fell 14.1% in the first quarter. On Friday, the government announced that the unemployment rate rose by an unexpected 0.5% to 5.5%. Oil futures hit $138.54 per barrel on Friday, and an investment banking firm on Wall Street said they thought it could hit $150 by summer. A consensus was building that the US economy is either in or going into a recession. The outlook for Europe is not good either. Wow! What does all of this mean? Having money in cash or cash equivalents certainly seems to make sense. Having money in investment-grade and high-yield corporate and municipal bonds paying interest seems to make sense. With the dollar on the decline, even international investments make some sense. For example: even with the worst earthquake in 32 years China’s passenger-car sales grew 16% last month. Global growth seems to be unabated. How about commodities? Commodities tend to move in the opposite direction of the dollar. This would include oil, gold, silver, etc. The commodity markets indicate that there is widespread speculation occurring presently. The head of the Federal Reserve, Ben Bernanke, is talking about a strengthening dollar. This could mean the federal government is about to get serious about reversing the dollar’s direction. Such a move would likely not be good for commodities. Could the bubble burst and the price of oil tumble? Some say world demand is such that, when coupled with flat output, this could not happen. I don’t believe it! I lived through the period when the Hunt Brothers tried to corner the market on silver. From $1.95/oz. in 1973, silver skyrocketed to $54/oz. Ordinary people were buying silver with the expectation that it would just keep rising. Bang! Down went silver prices. From 1980 through 1987, silver prices dropped to about $10/oz. Today silver is priced at about $17/oz. (More recently, Americans were sure that real estate would just keep on rising! Ugh!) Is the same now true with oil? Ed’s pendulum theory says: “Every investment market swings from being underpriced, relative to the norm, to being overpriced!” In this process it is possible for an investment market to establish a new “norm” but it will be within the range of over- and under-pricing. This is not to say that an individual investment within that market will outperform or underperform. But, the overall market, such as the market for oil, must go through this process. With commodities like oil, it is often thought that there is a finite amount of something and therefore its price can go up with no end in sight. In fact, it appears that when a particular commodity becomes overpriced, a new substitute will either be found or it will become cost-efficient to utilize a competing commodity. The question in my head now is: “Are we ready to become Green as a society and invent new ways of living?” Ed Mallon